Community service responses, such as hotlines, crisis lines, or other non-police response systems are all encompassed in Intercept 0. Intercept 0 suggests responses that eliminate the need for police presence, never opening the door to the criminal justice system or the enormous risks that police encounters present for those with mental disorders. This intercept was added to the model in 2017, several years after the SIM was initially developed, and it focuses on the first recognized need for service or point where a crisis is identified (Pinals & Felthous, 2017). The very first intercept point, Intercept 0, is arguably the only opportunity in the SIM for true diversion out of the criminal justice system, in the sense of avoiding it entirely. government that leads public health initiatives aimed at improving national mental health, and it offers excellent resources and information on mental illness and substance use disorders. Where we lack diversion opportunities, can those be added or can others be shifted to maximize impact?īecause diversion involves cooperation from different agencies and groups who play roles in the process, creating opportunities requires input from an array of professionals, including first responders, mental health workers, and criminal justice professionals (Oregon Center on Behavioral Health and Justice Integration, 2022).Įach intercept in the SIM is briefly described below, with a link to the corresponding intercept discussion on the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration ( SAMHSA) website, which provides more information and examples of programs at each intercept point.What opportunities or resources are missing?.Do we have diversion opportunities present at intercepts we consider most valuable?.Every community can look at the SIM and consider these important questions: The specific diversion opportunities that may be available at each juncture are dependent upon the needs of the individual at that time, as well as the desires and resources of the community. The SIM helps us visualize and consider each window in time where intervention and diversion might occur as a person proceeds through the criminal justice system. Each intercept within the SIM represents a window in time during a person’s interaction with the criminal justice system where that person might be provided with direction or opportunity (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2022). The SIM illustrates how exit from the criminal justice system can occur at several points in time, from beginning to end of a typical pathway through that system. On the left side of the diagram are examples of diversion opportunities that occur at each designated intercept. Intercepts one through five depict points in time that are progressively further along in the criminal justice progression. Intercept zero depicts community resources that precede entry into the criminal justice system. SAMHSA’s website provides a detailed description of the SIM and specifics about each Intercept, numbered zero to five. The SIM is a valuable tool for discussing and assessing various diversion options that may be available in, or missing from, a community (figure 4.7).įigure 4.7 is SAMHSA’s diagram of the Sequential Intercept Model (SIM). Diversion timing and opportunities are illustrated in the Sequential Intercept Model (SIM).
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